Questions On Advanced Discrete Math And Algorithms

CS7800: Advanced Algorithms. Fall 2016 Homework 1 Solutions Author: Aditeya Pandey, Collaborators: Micha Schwab,Supraja Krishnan †¢ Problems 1-3 are meant as a review of undergraduate discrete math and algorithms. They shouldn’t take you too long, but I recommend starting these right away to make sure that you have the appropriate background for this course. †¢ You must type your solutions using L A TEX. Please submit both the source and PDF files using the naming conventions lastname hw1.tex and lastname hw1.pdf. †¢ Strive for clarity and conciseness in your solutions, emphasizing the main ideas over low-level details. I recommend looking at the introduction in Jeff Erickson’s textbook for advice on writing up solutions to algorithms problems. †¢ Do not share written solutions, and remember to cite all collaborators and sources of ideas. Sharing written solutions, and getting solutions from outside sources such as the Web or students not enrolled in the class is strictly forbidden. 1Review Problems Problem 1 (Review of Asymptotic Growth). Arrange the following list of functions in ascending order of growth rate. That is, if function g(n) immediately follows function f (n) in your list, then it should be the case that f (n) is O(g(n)). (You do not need to provide proofs.) 2 f 1 (n) = 4n 2 + n log 28 (n) √ f 4 (n) = n + 40 n f 2 (n) = 2 n f 3 (n) = 1024n log 2 (n) f 5 (n) = 10 n f 6 (n) = 3n log 2 (n) f 7 (n) = n 2 log 8 n f 8 (n) = 4096 log 42 (n) f 9 (n) = n log 2 (3) SolutionShow MoreRelatedBasic Arithmetic Operators And Advanced Trigonometry Features Essay1088 Words   |  5 PagesThe deliverable is to include basic arithmetic operators and advanced trigonometry features, combinations, permutations, and equation operating system features similar to TI30X IIS: 1. 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Advanced Physical And Intellectual Competence Free Essays

I recognize the advancing children physical and intellectual competence by creating learning experiences that stimulates physical, cognitive, communicative and creative growth. To advance physical and intellectual competence it is essential to the growth and development of every child to advance their physical and intellectual needs. There are numerous ways to encourage this type of development. We will write a custom essay sample on Advanced Physical And Intellectual Competence or any similar topic only for you Order Now Children are encouraged to participate in daily large motor activities to enhance physical development. One activity that they enjoy is dance children naturally love music and there’s nothing better to get their little bodies moving and shaking. One easiest ways to incorporate physically activity into both you lives is pick a few random songs at intervals throughout the day and just dance like crazy. Even just two or three song quickly add up a 10 minutes session, which is just right for your preschool aged children’s attention span. If you’re looking for more ways to explore dance which your preschool aged children, think back to silly songs and nursery rhymes of your own childhood and share those. I help children develop cognitive skills by encouraging them to hypothesize and think things out. For example the main aspects for cognitive growth can be fostered with daily activities such as stacking, sorting, observing and learning cause and effect. Coming up with cognitive activities is very easy. You can sort blocks, arranging them by size and color. You can stack object – books are great for this, you can have a treasure hunt too! For this all you need is a short and easy set of objects and a magnifying glass. I allow exploration to your children’s cognitive development. In my center I help children learn, understand, and use words to communicate. One lesson that is especially effective in developing communication skill is music. Music is a great way to encourage language development. You can find a sort of preschool age songs online can help you in this area. You can also use I spy, and question and answer games. Anything that involves word development is good activities since children love to ask you questions. A strength of this lesson is that it incorporate children who are English as second language learners and need a good mix of repetition and new material. By incorporating songs, asking daily short conversation, quick simple things repeated daily and practice basic vocabulary every day, children will understand the lessons. Creativity is fostered throughout our classroom. Children have access to, an area and are encouraged to use various art supplies to create their own artwork. Paint, markers, pencils, crayons, oil pastels, and paper are readily available for children to freely explore. An activity I love to do where children use their imagination is designing butterflies. They combine different bodies and wings to design their own butterflies; then animate them in one of several beautiful scenes. Another example is drawing a mural. They explore line, shape, and space while arranging decorative tiles into an abstract picture. How to cite Advanced Physical And Intellectual Competence, Papers

Trip to California free essay sample

TRIP TO CALIFORNIA Upon preparing to write this paper, many events came to mind. The event that stood out the most was the family vacation we took to California during the hot summer month of July, 2006. Excitement, anticipation, and curiosity filled the two years it took to plan this trip. The elements that made this experience so especial were; the anticipation and planning, the wonderful adventure we faced, and the impact it had on me and my family. It was a trip that we went on with my sister and her family, which would be our first trip together. The night the trip was booked, I continuously paced the floor looking out of my bedroom window to see if my husband was home from work yet. Since he was working out of town, I did not have the chance to tell him about the trip. As he drove up our driveway, I ran outside to tell him the good news. We will write a custom essay sample on Trip to California or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I said â€Å"Carlos, guess where we are going in July! † before he could even reply, I yelled out, â€Å"California! † It seemed like forever before we would finally be on our way, but before we knew it we were on the plane listening to the flight attendant announcing â€Å"fasten your seatbelts please and prepare for landing into Los Angeles International Airport. We were embarking on an amazing journey, with some of the biggest thrill rides the world has ever known. After showing everyone’s passports and identification at customs, the reality finally hit me. I was making my first visit to California and my second trip out of the country. As we approached California, I began to get butterflies, as if I was starting my first day of school. My first impression of the city was very busy, modern and my eyes were drawn to The Hilton Hotel where we were staying for the week. When we entered the hotel, I noticed the luxurious entrance that was surrounded by a colourful garden, which also leads to an even more elaborate hotel. After a very delicious breakfast the next morning, we were ready to embark on our week of adventure. We then began to realize, how hard it was to decide where to start. After sorting through the many options, we decided to go to Universal Studios. Universal Studios has many rides that we would for sure enjoy. Spiderman, The Hulk, The Simpsons Shrek 4D, Terminator, and Curios George were some of the choices. The next two days we spent at SeaWorld, because there was a lot to see. It was an awesome experience for the kids. They got to touch and feed the animals in the zoos and aquariums. They also had the opportunity to get very close to the dolphins and sea lions. We also watch the shows being performed. The experience was so thrilling that they did not want to leave the park. It was a very long and tiring day. When we got back to the hotel we all went straight to bed. After spending two wonderful days at SeaWorld, we decided the next adventure we would embark on, would be The Magic Kingdom. The Magic Kingdom offers many rides such as; The Space Mountain, Haunted Mansion, Pirates of the Caribbean and many others, too many to mention. Some of the rides were slow and childish while others were dark and scary. One of my fondest memories of the Magic Kingdom was meeting Mickey Mouse, giving goofy a hug and meeting all of my favourites Disney characters. On the fifth and sixth days we visited Epcot Centre and MGM (Metro Goldwyn Mayer). Epcot Centre has displays that represented different countries, but sadly not many rides. Epcot centre is geared toward Technology and Science. It is more of an adult environment. The kids did not really enjoy themselves because of height restrictions. MGM had a good selection of shows and rides for the kids, like Rock-n-Roll, Roller Coaster and Tower of Terror. On the last day we went to Downtown Disney Market place, where there is shopping, restaurants, live music and an area where the kids can play while you shop. We spent the day shopping for souvenirs and trinkets to take back to Canada. After shopping for the day we went out for a family dinner to celebrate our last day in California. While eating dinner we noticed the fireworks in the sky that was the most incredible way to end our vacation. The greatest place on the face of the earth is Disneyland. Nowhere else has the magic that Disneyland Possesses. My family and I, still to this day talk about our adventure in California. The anticipation and curiosity that we planned for, for two years were exceeded beyond expectations. It was a trip we will definitely look back and talk about for long time. The family vacation was a thrilling experience that we would definitely do again.

Practice Final Answers Essay Example

Practice Final Answers Essay When the interest rate falls in the money market, the quantity of money demanded and the quantity of money supplied A) decreases; increases B) increases; decreases C) increases; stays the same D) stays the same; decreases 2) In short-run macroeconomic equilibrium, A) real GAP and the price level are determined by short-run aggregate supply and aggregate demand. B) real GAP equals potential GAP and aggregate demand determines the price level. C) the price level is fixed and short-run aggregate supply determines real GAP. D) real GAP is less than potential GAP. 3) The idea that a government budget deficit decreases investment is called B) the crowding-out effect. A) the capital investment effect. C) the Richard-Barron effect. D) government diseasing. 4) As labor increases, there is a A) shift of the aggregate production function, but no movement along it. 8) movement along the aggregate production function and real GAP will increase less with each additional increase in labor. C) movement along the aggregate production function, but no shift in it. D) decrease less with each additional increase in labor. ) Net investment equals A) the total quantity of plant, equipment and buildings. B) gross investment/depreciation. C) gross investment minus depreciation. D) capital stock minus depreciation. 6) If real GAP decreases, the demand for money curve will shift A) rightward and the interest rate will fall. B) leftward and the interest rate will rise. C) leftward and the interest rate will fall. We will write a custom essay sample on Practice Final Answers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Practice Final Answers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Practice Final Answers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer D) rightward and the interest rate will rise. 7) Factors that influence labor productivity include . A) the labor demand curve B) the inflation rate, the real wage rate, and the exchange rate C) physical UAPITA, the real wage rate, and technology D) physical capital, human capital, and technology 8) The quantity theory of money is the idea that in the long run A) the quantity of money is determined by banks. B) the quantity of money serves as a good indicator of how well money functions as a store of value. C) the quantity of money determines real GAP. D) an increase in the growth rate of the quantity of money leads to an equal increase in the inflation rate. 9) Prime Pharmaceuticals has developed a new asthma medicine, for it has a patent An inhaler can be produced at a constant marginal cost of $2/inhaler. The demand curve, marginal revenue curve, and marginal cost curve for this new asthma inhaler are in the figure above. With its patent giving it a monopoly for its new inhaler, if it is a single-price monopoly, Prime Pharmaceuticals will produce each inhaler. C) 8 million; $6 A) 8 million; $2 B) 16 million; $2 D) 10 million; $5 inhalers and set a price of for 10) A small country is a net foreign borrower if its real interest rate without foreign borrowing is A) lower than B) not comparable to C) higher than D) equal to the world real interest rate. 1 1) Which of the following is the most liquid asset? A) a share of stock C) money B) land D) a government bond 12) Starting at full employment, a business cycle can be described by the following sequence: equilibrium, equilibrium. A) below full-employment; full-employment; below full- employment B) above full-employment; below full-employment; full- employment C) full-employment; below full-employment; above full- employment D) below full-employment; full-employment; above full- employment 2 1 3) Suppose that the money multiplier is 4. If the monetary base decreases by $2 million, the quantity of money will A) decrease by $8 million. B) decrease by $500,000. C) increase by $8 million. D) increase by $500,000. 14) A bank creates money by A) buying bonds from the Reserve Bank. B) lending its excess reserves. C) purchasing currency from the Reserve Bank. D) printing more cheeses. 1 5) A decrease in the money wage rate increases the full employment quantity of labor increases B) only the Ass; the ASS and the LASS A) the ASS and the LASS; only the ASS C) only the LASS; the ASS and the LASS D) the ASS and the LASS; only the LASS and an increase in 16) Suppose the current account of a country is in balance and the official settlements account equals O. A new transaction occurs so that the current account is now in surplus, but the official settlements account does not change. From this we know that A) the balance of trade is now in surplus. B) the government is running a budget deficit. C) the government must make official reserve transactions. D) the capital and financial account is now in deficit. 17) People know that the inflation rate will increase from 3 percent to 5 percent. As a result A) the nominal interest rate rises by 2 percentage points. B) the real interest rate rises by 2 percentage points. C) the nominal interest rate is constant. D) the nominal interest rate falls by 2 percentage points. 8) A firm in will engage in to try to earn an economic profit. A) perfect competition; price wars B) perfect competition; advertising C) monopolistic competition; product differentiation D) monopolistic competition; price wars 19) Over time in a growing economy, the long-run aggregate supply curve will A) shift leftward. B) become horizontal at the long-run potential price level. C) become increasingly steep. D) shift rightward. 20) In 2011, Armenia had a real GAP of approximately 54. 21 billion and a population of 2. 98 million. In 201 2, real GAP was $4. 9 billion and population was 2. 7 million. Armenian real GAP per person in 201 2 was A) $1 ,545 B) $380 C) $1 32 D) $1,413 3 21) The key aim of monetary policy is to A) maintain price stability. B) change tax rates to boost investment. C) change government spending to spur in innovation. D) change tax rates to boost saving. 22) According to social interest theory, A) regulation helps markets achieve efficiency B) price regulations are unconstitutional C) unregulated firms try to avoid creating deadweight loss D) monopoly practices last forever 23) The velocity of circulation is A) constant. B) the changes in the purchasing power of money over a given time period. C) the rate of change of the GAP deflator. D) the average number oftentimes a dollar of money is used in a year to buy goods and services that make up GAP. 24) The quantity theory of money predicts that in the a 10 per cent increase in the quantity Of money leads to a 10 per cent increase in A) long run; velocity B) long run; real GAP C) long run; the price level D) short run; velocity 25) If the ARAB sells Australian government securities, A) the Australian Treasury gains some revenue. B) the cash rate rises. C) bank reserves increase. D) None of the above answers is correct. 26) Handy is a large South Korean company that produces finished steel products. Handy plans to buy raw steel from Australia. As a result, the A) demand Cleave for Australian dollars shifts leftward. B) demand curve for South Korean won shifts rightward. C) demand curve for Australian dollars shifts rightward. D) demand curve for South Korean won shifts leftward. 27) The market for maple syrup is perfectly competitive. Suppose that the market is in long-run equilibrium when the market demand for maple syrup increases. What happens in the short run? A) The firms decrease production. B) Some of the existing firms shut down. C) The firms increase production. D) Firms will enter the market. 4 28) If the exchange rate between the Australian dollar and Japanese yen is below the equilibrium exchange rate, there will be a dollars, and the exchange rate will A) shortage; rise to the equilibrium level B) surplus; rise to the equilibrium level C) surplus; fall to the equilibrium level of Australian D) shortage; change only when the supply curve shifts leftward 29) Workers who pursue an education directly increase their A) financial capital. B) saving. D) human capital. C) physical capital. 0) Diminishing marginal returns occurs when A) a variable unit is increased and its marginal product falls. B) all inputs are increased and output increases by a smaller proportion. C) all inputs are increased and output decreases. D) a variable input is increased and output decreases. 31 ) If a countrys central bank does not intervene in the foreign exchange market, the country has A) a crawling peg exchange rate policy. B) a fixed exchange rate policy. C) a flexible exchange rate policy. D) no exchange rate policy. 32) The Reserve Bank of Australia A) sells Australian dollars to China in an attempt to depreciate the Australian alular. B) has no influence on the exchange rate. C) allows a flexible exchange rate, though their actions can impact on the exchange rate. D) alternates between a flexible, fixed and crawling peg exchange rate policy depending on economic conditions. 33) If the real interest rate is below the equilibrium real interest rate, A) a shortage Of Of alienable funds will cause the real interest rate to rise. B) lenders will be unable to find borrowers Willing to borrow all of the available funds and the supply of alienable funds curve will shift leftward. C) borrowers will be unable to borrow all of the funds they want to borrow ND the demand for alienable funds curve will shift leftward. D) borrowers will be unable to borrow all of the funds they want to borrow and the demand for alienable funds curve will shift rightward. 34) Suppose a country is producing $20 million of real GAP. If the economy grows at 10 percent per year, approximately how many years will to take for real GAP to grow to $80 million? B) 14 A) 30 35) If the Reserve Bank wants to depreciate the Australian dollar against the British pound, it will B) sell Australian dollars A) decrease the money supply C) sell foreign exchange D) sell British pounds 5 6) In the global alienable funds market, A) funds flow into countries with the highest risk-adjusted interest rates and out of countries with the lowest risk-adjusted interest rates. B) when funds leave a country, a shortage of funds lowers the real interest rate. C) when funds enter a country, a surplus of funds raises the real interest rate. D) funds flow into countries with the lowest risk-adjusted interest rates and out of countries with the highest risk-adjusted interest rates. 37) Ticket scalpers at the FALL grand final last year charged prices high above the printed ticket price. This observation is evidence Of A) a surplus at printed ticket prices. B) the grand final not being televised. C) the grand final getting too much television exposure. D) a shortage at printed ticket prices. 38) As the real wage rate increases, the A) supply of labor curve shifts leftward. B) quantity of labor supplied increases. C) supply of labor curve shifts rightward. D) quantity of labor supplied increases and the supply of labor shifts rightward. 39) When the ARAB increases the cash rate, the Australian interest rate differential B) rises; appreciates A) rises; depreciates C) falls; depreciates D) falls; appreciates ND the Australian exchange rate 40) To pay for a current account deficit, a country can A) borrow money from abroad. B) increase official reserves to cover the shortfall. C) lend money abroad. D) transfer money from the capital account to the reserve assets account. 41) Fifth price level in the U. S. Is 120, the price level in South Africa is 140, and the nominal exchange rate is 7 South African rand per dollar, then the real exchange rate is A) 1. 4 South African goods per U. S. Good. B) 8. 4 South African goods per U. S. Good. D) 6 South African goods per U. S. Good. C) 9. 8 South African goods per U. S. Good. 2) If Chinas government runs a budget surplus and there is no Richard- Barron effect, there will be in the supply of alienable funds, private . B) an increase; decreases; increases saving 6 and investment A) an increase; increases; increases C) a decrease; decrease; increases D) a decrease; Increases; Increases 43) For a commercial bank, the term reserves refers to A) the profit that the bank retains at the end of the year. B) a bankers concern (reservation) in making loans to an individual without a job. C) the cash in its vaults and its deposits at the central bank. D) the net interest that it earns on loans. 4) people expect their incomes will decrease next year. As a result, the will shift .

Free Essays on The Construction Of Poes Works

The Construction of Poe’s Works All writers have their own style of writing. This is no different with Edgar Allen Poe and his pessimistic style. Aristotle said that unities in every story were time (usually twenty four hours), place (one or two), and characters (one or two). However, Poe added effect to his stories and poetry. He did all of this by writing his poetry or short story so that it caught the reader’s attention quickly. Because, â€Å"if any literary work is too long to be read at one sitting, we must be content to dispense with the immensely important effect derivable from unity of impression- for, if two sittings be required, the affairs of the world interfere, and every thing like totality is at once destroyed.† For this very reason, he used â€Å"en medias res,† which is starting the story right where the action begins, in the middle. This keeps the reader’s attention because there is no leading up to the climax, we are thrown into it as soon as we start reading. Edgar Allen Poe’s murder stories have a few distinct characteristics. First, the narrator is usually a psychopathological murderer. Second, the opening dialogue is usually the narrator telling the readers of his act. Third, they have a secretive burial of the body. And fourth, because Poe is interested in the psychology of the criminal, the murderer feels psychological uneasiness. We see all of these characteristics in Edgar Allen Poe’s short story The Tell Tale Heart. Poe obviously wanted the murder to be the climax of the story because he told us in the second paragraph that he had made up his mind, â€Å"to take the life of the old man, and this rid [himself] of the eye forever† (2420). As with all of Poe’s short stories the opening dialogue is usually the murderer talking about his murderous act. Poe takes us to the murder scene by telling us the events of carrying out his plot. So obviously the murder has already taken pla... Free Essays on The Construction Of Poe's Works Free Essays on The Construction Of Poe's Works The Construction of Poe’s Works All writers have their own style of writing. This is no different with Edgar Allen Poe and his pessimistic style. Aristotle said that unities in every story were time (usually twenty four hours), place (one or two), and characters (one or two). However, Poe added effect to his stories and poetry. He did all of this by writing his poetry or short story so that it caught the reader’s attention quickly. Because, â€Å"if any literary work is too long to be read at one sitting, we must be content to dispense with the immensely important effect derivable from unity of impression- for, if two sittings be required, the affairs of the world interfere, and every thing like totality is at once destroyed.† For this very reason, he used â€Å"en medias res,† which is starting the story right where the action begins, in the middle. This keeps the reader’s attention because there is no leading up to the climax, we are thrown into it as soon as we start reading. Edgar Allen Poe’s murder stories have a few distinct characteristics. First, the narrator is usually a psychopathological murderer. Second, the opening dialogue is usually the narrator telling the readers of his act. Third, they have a secretive burial of the body. And fourth, because Poe is interested in the psychology of the criminal, the murderer feels psychological uneasiness. We see all of these characteristics in Edgar Allen Poe’s short story The Tell Tale Heart. Poe obviously wanted the murder to be the climax of the story because he told us in the second paragraph that he had made up his mind, â€Å"to take the life of the old man, and this rid [himself] of the eye forever† (2420). As with all of Poe’s short stories the opening dialogue is usually the murderer talking about his murderous act. Poe takes us to the murder scene by telling us the events of carrying out his plot. So obviously the murder has already taken pla...

Geography of Hawaii Facts Information

Geography of Hawaii Facts Information Population: 1,360,301 (2010 Census estimate)Capital: HonoluluLargest Cities: Honolulu, Hilo, Kailua, Kaneohe, Waipahu, Pearl City, Waimalu, Mililani, Kahului, and KiheiLand Area: 10,931 square miles (28,311 sq km)Highest Point: Mauna Kea at 13,796 feet (4,205 m) Hawaii is one of the 50 states of the United States. It is the newest of the states (it joined the union in 1959) and it is the only U.S. state that is an island archipelago. Hawaii is located in the Pacific Ocean to the southwest of the continental U.S., southeast of Japan and northeast of Australia. Hawaii is known for its tropical climate, unique topography, and natural environment, as well as its multicultural population. Ten Geographic Facts About Hawaii Hawaii has been continuously inhabited since about 300 B.C.E. according to archeological records. It is believed that the earliest inhabitants of the islands were Polynesian settlers from the Marquesas Islands. Later settlers may have also migrated to the islands from Tahiti and introduced some of the ancient cultural practices of the region; however, there is a  debate about the early history of the islands.The British explorer Captain James Cook made the first recorded European contact with the islands in 1778. In 1779, Cook made his second visit to the islands and later published several books and reports on his experiences on the islands. As a result, many European explorers and traders began to visit the islands and they brought new diseases which killed a large portion of the islands population.Throughout the 1780s and into the 1790s, Hawaii experienced civil unrest as its chiefs fought for power over the area. In 1810, all of the islands that were inhabited became governed u nder a single ruler, King Kamehameha the Great and he established the House of Kamehameha which lasted until 1872 when Kamehameha V died. Following the death of Kamehameha V, a popular election led to Lunalilo controlling the islands because Kamehameha V had no heir. In 1873, Lunalilo died, also without an heir, and in 1874 after some political and social instability, governance of the islands went to the House of Kalakaua. In 1887 Kalakaua signed the Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii which took away much of his power. Following his death in 1891 his sister, Liliuokalani took the throne and in 1893 she attempted to create a new constitution.In 1893 a portion of Hawaiis foreign population formed a Committee of Safety and attempted to overthrow the Kingdom of Hawaii. In January of that year, Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown and the Committee of Safety created a provisional government. On July 4, 1894, the Provisional Government of Hawaii ended and the Republic of Hawaii was created which lasted until 1898. In that year Hawaii was annexed by the U.S. and it became the Territory of Hawaii which lasted until March 1959 when President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Hawaii Admission Act. Hawaii then became the 50th U.S. state on August 21, 1959. The islands of Hawaii are located about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) southwest of the continental U.S. It is the southernmost state of the U.S. Hawaii is an archipelago made up of eight main islands, seven of which are inhabited. The largest island by area is the island of Hawaii, also known as the Big Island, while the largest by population is Oahu. The other main islands of Hawaii are Maui, Lanai, Molokai, Kauai, and Niihau. Kahoolawe is the eighth island and it is uninhabited.The Hawaiian Islands were formed by undersea volcanic activity from what is known as a hotspot. As the Earths tectonic plates in the Pacific Ocean moved over millions of years, the hotspot remained stationary creating new islands in the chain. As a result of the hotspot, all of the islands were once volcanic, today, however, only the Big Island is active because it is located the closest to the hotspot. The oldest of the main islands is Kauai and it is located the farthest from the hotspot. A new island, called the Loihi Seamount, is also forming off the south coast of the Big Island. In addition to the main islands of Hawaii, there are also more than 100 small rocky islets that are a part of Hawaii. The topography of Hawaii varies based on the islands, but most of them have mountain ranges along with coastal plains. Kauai, for instance, has rugged mountains that go right up to its coast, while Oahu is divided by mountain ranges and also has flatter areas.Since Hawaii is located in the tropics, its climate is mild and summer highs are usually in the upper 80s (31ËšC) and winters are in the low 80s (28ËšC). There are also wet and dry seasons on the islands and the local climate on each island varies based on ones position in relation to the mountain ranges. Windward sides are typically wetter, while leeward sides are sunnier. Kauai has the second highest average rainfall on Earth.Because of Hawaiis isolation and tropical climate, it is very biodiverse and there are many endemic plants and animals on the islands. Many of these species are engendered and Hawaii h as the highest number of endangered species in the U.S. To learn more about Hawaii, visit the states official website.References Infoplease.com. (n.d.). Hawaii: History, Geography, Population and State Facts- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/us-states/hawaii.htmlWikipedia.org. (29 March 2011). Hawaii - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii

Research Methods for Professional Practice Essay

Research Methods for Professional Practice - Essay Example Throught this paper, there will be clear and evident focus on research based practice. The paper will analyse the data analysis element of research methods in relation to the two articles. I chose data analysis because it provides a vital base to the decision making process. Data analysis is the crucial element in a research process since mere data collection is not important to a researcher. Research is mainly aimed at helping people make informed decisions in different fields. The current blooming interest in evidence informed health and education promotion is part of an on-going strategy to base professional practice and policy on sound research evidence (Ritchie, 2002). Many evidence based research types can inform practice or policies. For example, narrative, conceptual, and statistical data methods can inform practice. Often, studies take the form of evaluations which determine the effectiveness of policies or studies which collect the views of people about an intervention, acceptability of a policy or their needs and requirements. Moreover, conducted and designed research provides vital and significant information covering a wide array of issues which are vital to people in practice. In today’s era, knowledge about the research process is mandatory in the healthcare industry. Consequently, midwives and nurses need to comprehend the research findings. Moreover, they should grasp the implications of research methods in transforming the health care industry. Non statistical methods were employed in analysing the collected data. Descriptive statistics were categorized and analysed based on various categories. Comparison techniques were used in the descriptive analysis process. The information got from the nurses and midwives was related to the study hypothesis and research question. According to Buetow (2010) one of the most reliable and accurate way of determining

Advice How to Learn English Verbs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advice How to Learn English Verbs - Assignment Example Based on self-assessment my own observations, this aim was particularly successful.   Students also demonstrated gradual and appreciable improvement in their understanding of and the proper use of various noun types.   They particularly enjoyed working together in groups for identifying and agreeing on noun types and learned from each other.   There were some setbacks with sentence structures as some students tended to have more difficulties with sentence structures than others did.   Identification of abstract nouns was also more difficult for some students than others.   Aside from these two areas, the group as a whole demonstrated marked progress throughout the session. Some students tend to have difficulties with sentence structures and double consonants more so than other students.     Ã‚  Similarly, identifying abstract nouns tend to be problematic for some students.   In other to improve these aspects of the session next time, I will ensure that those students encountering these particular problems identify these areas as a part of their personal goals.   By individualizing these problems, the students struggling with abstract nouns, double consonants and/or sentence structures can practice those areas independently while other students can move on.   Improving these areas independently can be dealt with either in class while other groups engage in other activities that do not require constant supervision or as a part of the homework assignment.   The observer/assessor provided positive feedback as contained in the application form.   However, she also noted that I missed an opportunity to capitalize on extending the spelling segment in that I could develop other areas of skills for life such as more dialogue in terms of use of standard English in different contexts.   Looking back, I can see where this approach would have been entirely appropriate during the class discussion on American and English spelling.   In my opinion, any opportunity to develop language should be embraced since some students in the class are bilingual.   I will, therefore, incorporate this approach.

Book Report - Fault in Our Stars Essay Example for Free

Book Report Fault in Our Stars Essay Meaning of the title: The fault, dear Brutus is not in our stars, / But in ourselves, that we are underlings. was said in Shakespeares play ‘Julius Caesar’. Saying that it is not fate that decides our future, but instead our own failings. That you are to blame for the bad thing that happen in your life. But the title ‘The Fault in our Stars’ says that sometimes its not our fault; things happen in life, sometimes we can’t control it; there will be problems along the way, and we just have to deal with it. Brief summary: Hazel, an average teenager who thinks she is going to die. She was diagnosed with cancer when she was young, and has trouble with her lungs. She then met a boy called Augustus in the Support Group. Augustus only had one leg because he had had osteosarcoma (A type of bone cancer). Hazel also made another friend called Issac who eventually went blind. Augustus and her shared common interests like the book called‘An Imperial Affliction’. They went on adventures to Amsterdam to visit an author that Hazel idolizes. On their trip, they had some physical relations. However meeting the author wasn’t exactly what Hazel and Augustus had expected. Later on Issac dies, then Augustus’s cancer later returns Style of Writing: The story is written in Hazel’s point of view who is the narrator of the story. The writing in this book is easy to follow because its written in a conversational way. As if the reader was the protagonist. The book uses a lot of fascinating sentences and phrases to express the feelings and thoughts of Hazel Grace. The author likes using dialogues to tell the story. Character: The characters are quite believable because they are like any type of average teenager. However they have to deal with a small problem in their health affecting a big part of their life. The characters are very realistically portrayed and I think the author did a great job in describing the different characters. Plot: The plot is quite believable as it is not fiction. As readers, we can sometimes relate to the situations or even feel what the characters are feeling throughout the book. There are a lot of plot twists in the novel, so the reader would not know what is about to happen. This gives the story line more suspense and builds tension throughout the scenario. Recommendation: I would recommend this book to young adults, because there is an incredible plot twist in the book which mesmerizes the reader and gives them grief. Making them want to be the protagonist of the story. The characters are about our age, and sometimes us teenagers or young adults can connect to what the characters in the book are going through. This book has a powerful story line which emphasize the life of how two teenagers are fighting cancer, which has inspired and touch the teens heart.

How To Rejuvenate A Mature Bus :: essays research papers

The last two decades has seen a revolution in management accounting theory and practice due to the challenges of the competitive environment in the 1980s. Kaplan and Johnson (1987) identified the failings and obsolescence of existing cost and performance measurement systems which led to re-examination of traditional cost accounting and management control systems. Conventional financial and management accounting methods have developed primarily as a result of corporate legislation in the 1930s forcing companies to provide externally published financial accounts. Management accounting is primarily focused as a decision making tool for running a business, hence they require more flexibility. According to Kaplan management accounts have become a subset of financial accounts and that they reflect more on the external rather than internal requirements of the company. Most of the managerial decision-making and control systems in use in the late 1980s were described by Johnson and Kaplan as stagnant. As a result, they went onto research in new accounting systems raising the profile of internal accounting systems by use of financial and non-financial measures although their work was seen as controversial by Drury but is now considered of key importance to manufacturing industries aiming to become world class. This essay aims to discuss the ways in which new management accounting techniques can bring life into mature businesses, in particular those using non-financial measures. Most companies still use the same cost accounting and management control systems that were developed decades ago in a competitive environment drastically different from today. These systems have major drawbacks described below: „h They distort product costs i.e. absorption of production overheads into product costs for the purpose of stock valuation. The external financial reporting process was purely driving this allocation of overheads for stock valuation. „h They do not produce the key non-financial data required for effective and efficient operations, hence they are of little help to operating managers ¡Ã‚ ¦ seeking to reduce costs and improve productivity. „h The data produced reflected on external reporting requirements far more than the reality of the new manufacturing environment. „h Failure to provide accurate product costs as they were distributed by simplistic and arbitrary measures usually direct labour based. „h The short term profit pressures led to a decline in long term investment. These poorly designed or outdated systems can distort the realities of manufacturing performance. As companies become more efficient by using new technologies, labour costs are accounting for a smaller proportion of a company ¡Ã‚ ¦s overall cost, hence the allocation of overheads to labour hours will become irrelevant and counter-productive to the company ¡Ã‚ ¦s operations.

Juvenile Offender’s Right to a Jury Trial

This paper intends to answer the following questions: 1) Should juvenile offenders have a constitutional right to a jury trial? and 2) Should each state make that determination? The legal decision (Amendment 6 and 14th) which addressed the issue will be briefly discussed as well as part of the answers to the aforementioned questions. Should juvenile offenders have a constitutional right to a jury trial? Yes, juvenile offenders should be given a right to a jury trial (FindLaw, 2008, n. p. ). Doing otherwise will be considered unlawful since this is a violation of â€Å"the Sixth Amendment† which covers the â€Å"Rights of Accused in Criminal Prosecutions† (FindLaw, 2008, n. p. ). The â€Å"Sixth Amendment† holds that an individual who undergoes criminal trial should be given a right to â€Å"an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed† (FindLaw, 2008, n. p. ). In addition to that, juvenile offenders should be given a right to a jury trial because anybody who deprives them of this violates the â€Å"Fourteenth Amendment† which involves the â€Å"Rights Guaranteed Privileges and Immunities of Citizenship, Due Process and Equal Protection† (FindLaw, 2008, n. p. ). Explaining further a jury trial is part of what is technically referred to as â€Å"due process† (FindLaw, 2008, n. p. ). Also, â€Å"equal protection† is provided if a â€Å"jury trial† is given to the juvenile offender (FindLaw, 2008, n. . ). Should each state make that determination? There is really no need for each state to make such a decision because this is already covered the â€Å"Fourteenth Amendment† which involves the â€Å"Rights Guaranteed Privileges and Immunities of Citizenship, Due Process and Equal Protection† (FindLaw, 2008, n. p. ). Here, it is clearly stated that â€Å"No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privilege or immunities of citizens of the US† (FindLaw, 2008, n. . ). This means that people are protected by the constitution and even their States cannot do anything to take this right away from them (FindLaw, 2008, n. p. ). The same is true with â€Å"a right to jury trial†, it is not necessary that each State determines what their law will be about this since whether States make a move or not, citizens are still protected by the constitution (FindLaw, 2008, n. p. ). References FindLaw. (2008). Sixth Amendment. Retrieved November 7, 2008 from  http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data/constitution/amendment06/ FindLaw. (2008). Fourteenth Amendment. Retrieved November 7, 2008 from  http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data/constitution/amendment14/

How did reform movements from 1815 to 1850 change America? Essay

Reform movements from 1815 to 1850 tried to change America. Women’s rights movements, education movements, and thoughts of abolition were main inspirations. Women’s rights movements were becoming more common. More women than ever were coming together to protest. The Seneca Falls Convention was the first organized women’s rights movement. When women went to other conventions they were excluded, this convention was about women and for women. These conventions would eventually persuade congress to pass a law allowing women to vote in the 1900’s. Education movements were also a common thing among minorities. Young Americans in general along with women, African-Americans, and disabled people wanted the educational system improved. A common school movement was started to improve the quality of public schools and help prepare students for success. African Americans wanted schools to allow them in and to supply an education equal to that of young white males. Before the 1820’s women could not obtain a worthwhile education. Catherine Beecher helped the campaign for women’s education. Disabled people were not educated either. Samuel Howe improved the school system by developing methods for teaching the visually impaired. Among other impairments this was the most important to people of this time. After these movements the quality of education was not just a dream. Education changed dramatically during this period, the system went form only white males able to obtain an education to practically any person being able to. Abolition was probably the most important movement of this time. Slavery was becoming a great issue in the government and among commoners. Many of the abolitionists supported the idea of freeing the slaves but not the equality of the African American man. The fight for the outlawing of slavery became so great that the Underground Railroad and other escapes were created. Slavery was eventually outlawed by congress because fights were breaking out. Today most Americans look back and do not understand how this was even an issue. America has become a country against slavery because of the proceedings of this time era’s fight for abolition. These three movements, women’s rights, education, and abolition, were the most important influences on America today. They did not only try to change America but they succeeded. Women have equal rights with men, education is open to any being white, African American, or disabled, and slavery is outlawed.

Interstellar travel

Interstellar travel Abstract The concept of interstellar trip is not easy, but attainable through adoption of appropriate technologies. This paper gives an overview of this possibility by discussing the main difficulties involved in such missions and a series of proposed and theoretical solutions that can be used to speed up the spaceship.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Interstellar travel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It further discusses a number of future problems and the key contributions to human life that could arise once interstellar travel is accomplished. The adoption of advanced technologies will make interstellar travel a reality within the foreseeable future and will bring major benefits to the lives of humans living on earth. Introduction The concept of Interstellar spaceflight refers to the unmanned or manned trip that takes place between stars. Nowadays, a journey into space is limited to just some spaceshi ps visiting our neighbouring planets. However, is it possible to travel up to the nearest stars? Interstellar trip offers more challenges than interplanetary trip, but intergalactic trip, which is the voyage between various galaxies, is even more challenging. For the short term, particularly for manned travels, it may seem like a pipe dream due to the limitations on practical technology and sources. Nevertheless, in the long term, this dream may be achieved, possibly commencing with unmanned missions. In addition, once this goal is achieved, it will contribute to the discovery of the universe and human life. The main difficulties of achieving the interstellar trip One of the main difficulties of accomplishing an interstellar trip is the enormous distance that exists between the earth and the nearest star. This implies that an interstellar ship that travels at a fast speed and that can take a long time to travel is necessary for its achievement. The period taken by the majority of pr opulsion methods would last for decades to millennia; therefore, a spaceship would be much more extremely exposed to the dangers present in interstellar travel such as hard vacuum, radiation, weightlessness, and micrometeoroids. The vast distance complicates the possibility of designing manned travels, and further makes the economic justification of such a trip almost not possible. This is because the advantages that do not become available for a number of years to come have a present worth close to zero (Marcvey 1977).Advertising Looking for critical writing on astronomy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An important aspect contributing to the complexity arises from the energy that must be supplied to realize a practical travel time. The law of kinetic energy, e=1/2mv2 where m represents the final mass, describes the amount of energy needed; therefore, if deceleration on arrival is considered necessary and this canno t be attained by an atmosphere, then the total energy needed is even more. The speed for a manned interstellar travel of a few decades to even the nearest star exceeds by far the speed of the current propulsion methods and according to the square law, millions of times as much energy would be necessary. Moreover, this immense amount of energy has to be carried along the space vehicle since solar panels cease to function when they are far from the sun and other stars. A significant issue with the voyages at very high velocities is that interstellar dust and gas are able to impair the proper functioning of the space vehicle. This is because of the high relative velocities and huge kinetic energies involved. Larger materials, for example, macroscopic dust grains, though can cause more damage, are not very frequent. Different appropriate ways of protecting the spacecrafts from such hazards have been properly evaluated. Another difficulty of achieving an interstellar trip is attributed t o the practical speed of spaceships that move slower than the speed of light. Astronomical distances are usually given in terms of the time a beam of light moves between two places and in a vacuum, light travels at 186,000 miles per second. For example, the distance from the earth to the moon, which is about 1.3 light-seconds away, can be achieved in about three days by the use of the current spacecrafts. This implies that the speed of light is about two hundred thousand times faster than the speed of the current spaceships. It takes approximately three light-minutes to four light-hours to travel from the earth to the other planets within the solar system; therefore, a space vehicle can take about a few weeks to even many years to complete a voyage to any of these planets. The closest star to the sun is referred to as the Alpha Centuri and it takes light coming from it up to four years to reach the Earth. At present, the fastest spaceship that has been developed travels at thirty ki lometres per second. At that velocity, the voyage can last for up to 40,000 years. Moreover, the current spacecrafts are designed to have an operational lifetime of approximately forty years before they finally start to disintegrate. Therefore, major technological advances, for example, automated self-repair, may be incorporated in the design of spacecrafts to make sure they survive for a longer time. There is presently absence of adequate technological advancement to ensure that a spacecraft reaches other stars in less than five decades (Clark 1995).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Interstellar travel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Proposed solutions for interstellar trip If a spacecraft could average just ten percent of the velocity of light, it would take less than fifty years to reach the nearest star. Therefore, a series of proposed solutions have been proposed to overcome the difficulties and achi eve the dream of interstellar travel. These include development of the nuclear pulse propulsion, fusion rockets, the bussard ramjet, antimatter ramjets, and the beam-powered propulsion. The construction of spacecrafts by the use of nuclear pulse propulsion technology has been achievable from the 1960s. The spacecrafts are driven by a series of nuclear explosions that propels them at very high speed; hence, they are able to reach the nearest star in decades rather than centuries. The building costs of such crafts were estimated to be equal to those of crafts build by means of chemical rockets technology. Suggested interstellar spaceship travel by means of nuclear pulse propulsion technology includes Project Orion and Project Longshot. The former used nuclear bombs as propellant while the latter used inertial confinement fusion explosions. Project Orion is one of the few interstellar travel suggestions which can be achieved through the modern technological advancement. Interstellar tr ip would only be achieved by means of advanced derivatives of the design with cruising speeds of eight to ten percent metres per second; however, versions investigated during the exercise had too low exhaust velocities of twenty to thirty kilometres per second. The project was under intense criticism because of the dangers involved in using nuclear explosives as fuel for spacecrafts. The use of the fusion rockets have also been proposed as a means of speeding up the spaceship. The technology employs foreseeable fusion reactors that have the capacity to attain about ten percent the speed of light. Fusion reactors â€Å"burn† such light elements as helium or tritium to yield one percent of the mass of the nuclear fuel as released energy. On the other hand, fission is less preferred because it releases approximately 0.1% of the fuel’s mass energy. Nevertheless, the most realizable fusion reactions give out a huge portion of their energy as high-energy neutrons that are co mplicated to use. One suggestion of employing this technology is Project Daedalus. A hindrance of the traditional ways of propelling rockets is that the spaceship would have to be loaded with its fuel, therefore increasing its mass. The use of bussard ramjet, antimatter rockets, and beamed propulsion methods has been proposed as probable solutions to this problem.Advertising Looking for critical writing on astronomy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The proposal of the bussard ramjet for an interstellar propulsion system was made by Robert W. Bussard in 1960. He suggested that a large scoop would gather the diffuse hydrogen in space, consume it during the interstellar flight by means of proton-proton fusion reaction, and then force it out. As the fuel would be gathered on transit, a spacecraft could travel at a speed near that of light. Later computations with more precise approximations indicate that the force produced would be less than the drag resulting from any possible scoop design. The proposal of an antimatter rocket would have an increased energy density and specific impulse that would exceed any other suggested interstellar propulsion system. Major progress can be made if energy resources and sufficient ways of manufacturing are discovered to formulate antimatter in the quantities desired. This would make it possible for the spacecrafts to reach velocities near that of light. However, time dilation would be more evide nt where time would pass at a slower rate for the voyagers as alleged by an outside observer. Finally, the proposal of beamed propulsion, would potentially reach even higher velocities surpassing those of the rockets or pulse propulsion methods. This is because it uses a light sail or magnetic sail driven by an enormous laser or particle accelerator in the home star system. Moreover, since it would not carry its own reaction mass, it would only need to propel the spaceship’s payload. Robert L. Forward suggested a method for decelerating an interstellar light sail in the destination star system devoid of a laser array by the use of a smaller secondary sail and a larger secondary sail. The smaller secondary sail is placed at the back of the spaceship whereas the larger primary sail is separated from the spaceship in order to keep moving forward on its own, and light is reflected from the latter to the former sail. The reflected light is used to decelerate the secondary sail and the spaceship’s load. It is also possible for a magnetic sail to decelerate at its destination minus relying on fuel carried on the way. The magnetic sail interacts with the plasma present in the destination star and the interstellar medium since in contrast to the light sail system; this would not need the action of the particle beam employed when starting the voyage of the spacecraft. On the other hand, it is possible to increase the speed of a magnetic sail by means of particle beam or a plasma beam. Theoretical solutions for interstellar trip Several scientists have put forward theoretical solutions for achieving interstellar trip. The concepts of traversable wormhole and warp drive have been proposed as possible means of surpassing the speed of light. A traversable wormhole refers to a theoretical topological feature of space-time that scientists postulate could connect two arbitrary points in the universe. Although wormholes are valid solutions in general relativity, i t has not been established whether they exist in practice. They can be of benefit only if exotic matter can be used to stabilize them. Warp drive is a faster-than-light (FTL) interstellar travel theoretical solution that equips a spaceship with a system that enables it to travel much faster than light by numerous orders of magnitude, while avoiding the difficulty of time dilation. The warp drive does not allow instantaneous movement between two places, but it forms an artificial â€Å"bubble† of normal space-time which envelops the spaceship. It does not go into a different realm or dimension like hyperspace. As a result, a spaceship travelling at a warp velocity is able to maintain normal interactions with objects in normal space. Future problems of interstellar travel Once interstellar travel is happening, scientists would have to deal with the problems of time dilation and universe expansion. Time dilation is one of the most enthralling aspects of relativity that refers to the slowing-down of the passage of time as witnessed by individuals or objects moving at a substantial fraction of the velocity of light. The two types of time dilation are gravitational time dilation and velocity time dilation. Both of them can operate together. Velocity time dilation occurs when an individual or an object travels at near the velocity of light and time tends to slow down as compared to the rest of the universe. In other words, for a stationary observer, time passes slower. Even though the object is moving fast, the observer would see it as slowing down its activity. Gravitational time dilation refers to the phenomenon of time passing at different rates in areas of different gravitational potential and it has been confirmed by tests of general relativity. This means that the lower the gravitational potential of an object, the slower the clock runs. This effect is evident in accelerated frames of reference, for example, an accelerating spacecraft, or by virtue of th e equivalence principle. Another problem arises from the possibility of universe expansion. It has been suggested that dark energy is slowly driving the universe in the direction of increasing rates of expansion as expressed by the Hubble Constant. The current expansion of the universe makes astronomers to be puzzled at the possibility of an interstellar travel because of the errors that arise from computations. Contributions of interstellar trip to man Although interstellar travel is a capital intensive exercise that is full of challenges, its achievement can bring major beneficial contributions to the human life on earth. It would need advanced technology to explore the extreme conditions of interstellar space. Therefore, the technology developed in realizing this can be successfully implemented in the making of life-saving and enhanced medical equipment. Moreover, man would discover the universe and maybe establish contacts with aliens. Interstellar travel would also make more en ergies and resources available to man. Fossil fuels and minerals on Earth could soon get depleted and the consequences can be worst if no reserves are available. As more people are being born on Earth, the effects of overpopulation could soon become unbearable. But, with the achievement of interstellar travel, scientists can discover methods to terraform the Mars or the moon to support human life. This achievement would make it possible to establish another civilization that would be having adequate quantities of energies and resources to benefit the individuals habiting on it as well as the individuals on Earth (Thomas 1989). Conclusion Although there are difficulties in achieving interstellar travel which arises from the vast distance between the earth and the nearest star and the slow speed of the current spaceships, a number of proposed solutions and theoretical solutions can make this goal to be realized in the near future. The proposed solutions for realizing this include deve lopment of the nuclear pulse propulsion, fusion rockets, the bussard ramjet, antimatter ramjets, and the beam-powered propulsion. Furthermore, proposed theoretical solutions include the use of traversable wormhole and warp drive. The possibility of interstellar travel started over 50 years ago. It has been marred by controversies from scientists, religious leaders, media and the common person. It is important therefore to review critically the available information to determine what the truth is about the possibility of such missions. This is because the inexhaustible region of interstellar space is lying before us, awaiting discovery and colonization to bring major benefits to our lives on this planet. Therefore, we should not rest until this reality is achieved by us, if not by our children. Reference List Clark, Stuart. 1995. Stars and atoms: from the Big Bang to the Solar System. New York: Oxford University Press. Marcvey, John. 1977. Interstellar travel: past, present, and futu re. New York: Stein and Day. Thomas, McDonough. 1989. Space: the next twenty five years. New York: Wiley.

Biography of Bobby Seale, Black Panther Party Co-founder

Biography of Bobby Seale, Black Panther Party Co-founder Bobby Seale (born October 22, 1936) co-founded the Black Panther Party with Huey P. Newton. The organization, which was the most well-known group launched during the black power movement, stood out for its free breakfast program and emphasis on self-defense- a departure from the nonviolent philosophy advocated by civil rights activists. Fast Facts: Bobby Seale Known For: Co-founder, along with Huey P. Newton, of the Black Panther PartyBorn: October 22, 1936 in Dallas, TexasParents: George and Thelma SealeEducation: Merritt Community CollegeSpouse(s): Artie Seale, Leslie M. Johnson-SealeChildren: Malik Seale, Jaime SealeNotable Quote: â€Å"You dont fight racism with racism, the best way to fight racism is with solidarity. Early Life and Education Bobby Seale, the first child of George and Thelma Seale, was born on October 22, 1936. He grew up with a brother (Jon), a sister (Betty), and a first cousin (Alvin Turner- the son of his mother’s identical twin). In addition to Dallas, the family lived in other Texas cities, including San Antonio. Seales parents had a rocky relationship, separating and reconciling repeatedly. The family struggled financially and sometimes rented out parts of their home to other families to earn additional income. Seales father, George, was a carpenter who once built a home from the ground up. He was also physically abusive; Bobby Seale later described being whipped with a belt by his father at age 6. When the family moved to California, George Seale struggled to get carpentry work or join a union, as unions often excluded African Americans during the Jim Crow era. When George Seale did manage to enter a union, he was one of just of three black men in the state with union membership, according to Seale. As a teenager, Seale hauled groceries and mowed lawns to earn extra cash. He attended Berkeley High School but dropped out to sign up for the US Air Force in 1955. After a conflict with a commanding officer, Seale was dishonorably discharged. However, this setback did not deter him. He earned his high school diploma and made a living as a sheet metal mechanic for aerospace companies. He also worked as a comedian. In 1960, Seale enrolled in Merritt College, where he joined a black student group and his political consciousness took hold. Two years later, he met Huey P. Newton, the man with whom he would start the Black Panthers. Founding the Black Panther Party At a 1962 demonstration against the Kennedy Administrations naval blockade of Cuba, Seale befriended Huey Newton. Both men found inspiration in black radical Malcolm X and were devastated when he was assassinated in 1965. The next year, they decided to form a group to reflect their political beliefs, and the Black Panthers were born. The organization reflected Malcolm X’s philosophy of self-defense by any means necessary. The idea of armed African Americans proved controversial in the broader United States, but as the civil rights movement waned following the assassination of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., many young black Americans leaned towards radicalism and militancy. The Black Panthers were particularly concerned about racism in the Oakland Police Department, but before long, Panthers chapters sprang up nationwide. The Black Panther Party became most well known for their 10-point plan and free breakfast program. The 10-point plan included culturally-relevant teaching, employment, shelter, and exemption from military service for African Americans. Legal Battles In 1968, Bobby Seale and seven other protesters were charged with conspiring to incite a riot at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. When the trial date arrived, Seales lawyer was ill and unable to appear; the judge denied the request to delay the trial. Seale claimed the right to defend himself in order to advocate for his own constitutional rights, but the judge did not allow him to give an opening statement, cross-examine witnesses, or speak to the jury. Seale contended that the judge had denied him his right to counsel, and he began to speak out in protest during the proceedings. In response, the judge ordered him bound and gagged. Seale was chained (later strapped) to a chair, with his mouth and jaw strapped shut, for several days of the trial. Ultimately, the judge sentenced Seale to four years in prison for contempt of court. That sentence was later overturned, but it did not mark the end of Seale’s legal troubles. In 1970, Seale and another defendant were tried for killing a Black Panther believed to be a police informant. The hung jury resulted in a mistrial, so Seale was not convicted of the 1969 murder. As his court battles unfolded, Seale wrote a book tracing the history of the Black Panthers. The book, published in 1970, was titled Seize the Time: The Story of the Black Panther Party and Huey P. Newton. But the time Seale spent behind bars awaiting the outcomes of various court cases had taken a toll on the group, which began to fall apart in his absence. The settling of the court cases saw Seale take charge of the Panthers again. In 1973, he changed focus by putting his bid in to become the mayor of Oakland. He placed second in the race. He left the Panthers the following year. In 1978, he wrote his autobiography, A Lonely Rage. Later Years In the 1970s, the black power movement subsided, and groups like the Black Panthers ceased to exist. Deaths, prison sentences, and internal conflicts spurred by initiatives like the FBI’s Counterintelligence Program played a role in the unraveling process. Bobby Seale remains politically active, giving talks on his life and activism at college campuses and other venues. More than 50 years after the Black Panthers formed, the group continues to influence politics, pop culture, and activism. Sources â€Å"Bobby Seale.† PBS.org.Bennett, Kitty. Bobby Seale: Black Panther leader was one of the Chicago Eight. AARP Bulletin, 27 August, 2010.Glass, Andrew. Kennedy imposes naval blockade of Cuba, Oct. 22, 1962. Politico, 22 October, 2009.Seale, Bobby. â€Å"Seize the Time: The Story of the Black Panther Party.† 1970.

Different forms of paternalism Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Different forms of paternalism - Coursework Example Paternalism is not a mere construct that was used to subdue the Black race so as the Whites would take advantage of them since they were views as the weaker race. A move by the Blacks to fight for their rights does not justify that Blacks are unruly and must be controlled and supervised by the Whites. (Hopper, 1988). Â  The view on paternalism materializes in Colors in both a positive and a negative way. In the film Colors, the concept of paternalism is well presented by Dennis Hopper. In the film, gang culture is evident. Hopper (1998) presents the Black and Latino youth gangs fighting each other and with the police. The attempts to control the gang problems present a clear evidence of racist and paternalistic assumptions by the Whites. In this context one would argue that paternalism is required so as to control the gang issues. For instance, in the scene where a family is offloading beach stuff, and are suddenly attacked by a gang of people that are shirtless, in bandannas, sungl asses and in the hairnets (Hopper, 1988). Even after the man attempts to protect himself, the gang stabs him. The scene on the White Fence neighborhood explains on the needs for paternalism to control the Blacks and their gang issues as we see a kid spray painted on the face and confrontations begin (Hopper, 1988). It is essential to note, nonetheless, that not all the outbreaks of violence in the film are Black and gang related. In line with this thought, therefore, paternalism is disqualified.

Tommy Zeigler Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Tommy Zeigler - Research Paper Example Based on the events that took place on the evening of Christmas Eve, Tommy Zeigler was convicted for the four murders and put on death row. However, he considers that the chief witness misrepresented him, on the stand, to implicate him and that he was additionally pressurized by law enforcement officers in a bid to conclude the case (Newton, 2008). All sides across the divide concur that Zeigler called the municipal council at 9.20 that night to inform him of the attack. At around 9.18 p.m, he contacted and appealed to converse with Don Ficke notifying him of the robbery had transpired at his store and shot, was seriously wounded, and needed urgent medical help (Stacy, 2012). Detective Donald Frye wasted no time in analyzing the crime scene. There was a mixture of contradictory evidence manifested by pools of blood in varied places in the scene, bloody footprints, several disposed-off guns and a series of injuries at distinct locations for each body (Ames, 2007). It was apparent to the detective that the spray outlines at the scene implied two distinct lettings of blood, with Charlie May's grave gunshot wounds indicating to have been carried out in a period of 15 minutes subsequent to the earlier violent incident. Based on a track of blood directing flowing from the telephone Zeigler had employed to call for help to the chair in which he sat when help arrived, Frye also concluded that Zeigler ought to be considered a prime suspect. Frye considered that Tommy shot himself in the abdomen subsequent to calling Don (Anderson, 2013). Frye established a solitary responsible to explicate the circumstantial evidence and speedily set out to â€Å"prove† his theory (Ames, 2007). As a result, experts assert that it was neither handled accurately nor comprehensively processed (Stacy, 2012). Donald Frye’s Account Frye based his assertion of the night’s events entirely on the combined testimonies of the two men. Frye theorized that Zeigler had pre-meditated to murder Eunice for financial gain (she had $500,000 life insurance policy that he had taken out on his wife a few months before and that her staged murder coincidentally demanded the deaths of Perry and Virginia Edwards. Frye belie ved he murdered Mays and attempted to massacre Thomas and Williams to link them to the robbery (Stacy, 2012). He had also requested Edward Williams to help him deliver some Christmas presents that night. Williams’ testimony read that Zeigler had arranged to meet him at 7.30 p.m at his home. Frye believed that, in the period between 7.00 and 7.24, Zeigler first murdered his wife, then Perry and Virginia Edwards. According to Felton Thomas, when he and Mays arrived to collect the television, Zeigler approached him and proposed that they pursue a drive together (Anderson, 2013). The three went for a ride to an orange grove in which the suspect presented three guns to Thomas and Mays requesting them to try them out. This was considered as a delicately veiled ploy to acquire their fingerprints on the murder weapons. Nevertheless, when the weapons were found, they had been wiped clean. Williams claimed that he saw Zeigler arrive accompanied by two men (Felton Thomas and Charlie May s)

The 18th dynasty Egypt Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The 18th dynasty Egypt - Research Paper Example He established the 18th dynasty that ruled Egypt. During the rule of Ahmose the First, Egypt reached new heights of wealth and power. The regions ruled by the Pharaohs extended to new frontiers in The South, East and West. The kings of Egypt built palaces and temples, which were melting pots for Egyptian art. Territorial expansion was a response to previous threats that Egypt had experienced. Before the 18th dynast gained power, several kingdoms had invaded Egypt and weakened the region (Gardner and Fred 34). As a result, Egyptians were not able to participate in artistic works because the economy was ruined by the invasions. As a response, the Egyptian empire stretched from Syria to the regions of the Horn of Africa. This opened up new avenues for practicing art and economic activities. The economy focused on building and arts. New kingdom art differed from the art of preceding ages. The art showed a range of the Egyptian arts style. The art form of this period suffered normal surfa ce changes because of the progress of the Pharaonic art. This occurred during a homogeneous cultural period that provided a platform for an evolutional artistic development. Some of the artistic pieces of the period include the statuette of Nefert-iti and Teti-sheri. Paintings included the tomb of Amen-em-het and the palace of Amarna (Gardner et al, 42). This paper seeks to study the art of Ahmose the First who built the only loyal pyramid in Abydos. Ahmose the First was an artist who built the pyramid of Ahmose. The pyramid was not built as a tomb, but as a cenotaph for Ahmose the First (Gardner et al, 47). This pyramid was the royal pyramid that was built in Abydos. Ahmose the First used rubble and sand with limestone casing to build the pyramid. These construction materials were used to keep the pyramid in shape. The pyramid did not have any chamber for burials. Ahmose renewed royal support for the construction of artistic and monumental buildings with the re-unification of Egypt . He devoted a huge amount of his productive output towards the worship and service of the traditional Egyptian gods and reviving numerous monumental constructions and arts (Aldred 16). Though his building program did not last for more than seven year, he managed to leave a lasting arts legacy. Work from Ahmose the First reign was made of fine materials. However, artisanship during this period does not march the artisanship of the previous kingdoms. Control over the Nubian and Delta region gave access to resources that are required for artwork. Silver and Gold came from Nubia and cedar fro Byblos (Aldred 23). Though the relationship between Crete and Egypt was not certain, some of the artwork of this dynasty had designs from Crete. For instance, the Minoan designs were found in objects from the period. Most importantly, Ahmose re-commissioned the Tura Limestone quarries that provided stones for the construction of monuments. Asiatic cattle were used to haul stones from the quarry. T he pyramid of Ahmose raises a number of questions. For instance, most of the Egyptian pyramids were constructed in Cairo. However, the pyramid of Ahmose is located in Abydos, which is further south of Egypt. In my opinion, Ahmose set out to worship and appease the Egyptian traditional gods (Aldred 27). As a result, he built the pyramid to the south in order to appease the god Osiris. It is vital to note that the pyramid was not

Reality Therapy: A Case Study

Reality Therapy: A Case Study Reality Therapy is a therapeutic approach that focuses on problem solving and making better choices in order to achieve specific goals. Reality Therapy was developed by Dr. William Glasser, and its primary intention is to focus on the here and now, rather than the past. Reality Therapy is intended to solve problems, rebuild connections and work towards a better future. The author of this paper chose to do an overview of Reality Therapy, and apply Reality Therapy to a case study. Throughout the textbook was no less than ten different types of therapy theories, and reality Therapy struck the author as a potentially effective way to treat clients experiencing various issues that prompt him/her to seek counseling. The case study involves a man named Chad. Chad is a middle aged man with two children at home. Chad has a difficult time in his relationship with his wife and children. Chad also has difficulty communicating and relating to members of his immediate family. Reality therapists believe the underlying problem of most clients is the same: they are either involved in a present unsatisfying relationship or lack what could even be called a relationship (Corey, 2009, 2013, p335). Reality Therapy is tied very closely with Choice Therapy (both from William Glasser) and while Choice Therapy explains why and how we function, Reality Therapy provides a delivery system for helping individuals take more effective control of their lives (Corey, G. (2009,2013, p336). The textbook states, Contemporary Reality Therapy focuses quickly on the unsatisfying relationship or the lack of the relationship, which is often the cause for clients problems (Corey, 2009, 2013 p338). William Glasser is the leading contributor to Reality Therapy. Educated initially as a chemical engineer, Glasser became interested in Psychology and ultimately Psychiatry. Glasser was certified in Psychiatry in 1961, following his studies at the Veterans Administration and UCLA in Los Angeles. Glasser maintained a private practice from 1957-1986 (Corey, 2009, 2013, p 334). Glasser was influenced by a fellow Psychiatrist and mentor named G.L. Harrington. Harrington believed in getting his patients involved in projects in the real world, and by the end of his residency, Glasser began to put together ideas that would later be known as Reality Therapy (Corey, 2009, 2013, p334). The following are some of the key terms and key concepts of Reality Therapy: View of Human Nature Choice Therapy posits that we are not born blank slates waiting to be externally motivated by forces in the world around us. Rather we are born with five genetically encoded needs that drive us all our lives: survival, love and belonging, power, freedom and fun (Corey, 2009, 2013, p 336). Choice Therapy Explanation of Behavior Glasser did not like the terms depress, having a headache, being upset or angry. He preferred to think of it as rather than being depressed, we are depressing, we are upsetting, etc (Corey, 2009, 2013, p 337). Characteristics of Reality Therapy Reality Therapy generally attempts to bring the focus immediately to unsatisfying relationships or the lack thereof. This is the reason for many who seek out professional counseling. Therapists engaged in Reality Therapy typically do not listen very long to complaining, blaming and/or criticizing. Therapists believe these are the most ineffective models of behavior. Here are some of the underlying characteristics of Reality Therapy: Emphasize Choice and Responsibility, Reject Transference, Keep the Therapy in the Present, Avoid focusing on Symptoms, and Challenge Traditional Views of Mental Illness (Corey, 2009, 2013, p 338-340). Chad scheduled an appointment for counseling and came to the first session with some issues he is having with his relationship with his wife. The two of them have not been communicating very effectively lately, and this has caused some difficulties within his relationship. His complaints are that his wife just does not understand him like she once did. She does not meet his emotional needs, she is no longer engaging in topics of his interest, and although they continue to live in the same home together, he is growing into a feeling of detachment with his wife. As a therapist utilizing Reality Therapy in our sessions, I would want to help Chad recognize that focusing on his past will not benefit him in his future hopes of a satisfying relationship with his wife. I would want him to understand that he can take control of his feelings and his behavior that will ultimately help him in both his present and future relationship with his spouse. I would also want Chad to see that rather than expressing his feelings as being depressed, it would be better for him to say his feelings were depressing. In our session the first thing I would want to build would be a relationship with Chad. I would want to assure him that I am not there to hurt him, but to help him. I would want Chad to feel comfortable in sharing some things with me as his counselor. Building a relationship with him would be vital to further sessions as we work together on improving his perception of his relationship. I would then seek to implement procedures that would help Chad begin to change his behavior. The author of the textbook made the following interesting observation: The art of counseling is to weave these components together in ways that lead clients to evaluate their lives and decide to move in more effective directions (Corey, 2009, 2013, p 342). The counseling experience begins with an exploration into the clients needs, wants and/or perceptions. I would want Chad to explore ways in which he feels he could change. He may consider looking at ways in which he can alter his behavior. I would want Chad to see that if his behavior is not getting him what he wants, I would help him see that only he can change his behavior (Corey, 2009, 2013). I would ask Chad to explain what he is doing when he feels this detachment from his wife. What are his actions when he feels that he is having trouble communicating with his wife? If Chad is distracted by someone else; another woman perhaps, I would want Chad to determine if she may be the cause of his feelings of detachment. If Chad is ignoring his wifes communication and not paying attention to her emotional needs, I would ask him to determine if he can think of ways in which he could give her the attention she needs. I may encourage Chad to suggest to his wife that they spend the first 30 minutes after they both get in from work and just express to one another how their day was, any important information that needs to be exchanged between the two of them, what they need from each other in the present, and any future needs they may have. I would foresee Chad taking the initiative with his wife to ensure that their relationship is strong. If Chad is noticing a difference in their relationship, I am certain she notices it also. By him taking the first steps to change hi behavior, may cause her to be receptive to the changes as well. Chads recognition of the opportunity that rests within himself to change his circumstances may be empowering to him, and therefore serve as motivation to change his current relationship into one that is more productive and satisfying to him. I see Reality Therapy fitting well with my worldview. While I have a worldview that places God at the top and in control of all things, I also see mans responsibility for the choices he makes in his own life. Reality Therapy allows the client to focus on the deliberate choices they have made in life, and it also gives them an opportunity to focus on the results those choices have brought. Proverbs 23:7 states, For as he thinketh in his heart, so is heà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (BibleGateway.com, 2013). I believe God allows man to make choices in his own life, and sometimes those choices carry consequences. As stated before, the counselor must articulate the correct way for the client to (1) see his behavior as it really is, and (2) be willing to take ownership of it and change the behavior. I would want Chad to understand that God is for him and his happiness in life. I would want Chad to see verses in Scripture that support that statement. Verses like Romans 8:31 when Paul said, If God be for us, who can be against us? (BibleGateway.com, 2013). When Chad expresses his doubt of whether or not his wife loves him, and when he expresses his doubts of whether or not he loves himself, and when he even questions whether or not God has given up on him, I would also want him to see a passage found in Romans 8:38-39. Paul states, For I am persuaded, that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come, nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord (BibleGateway.com, 2013). I would want to integrate Scripture and the promises of God into the use of Reality Therapy, and I personally think they blend well together with the potential for p ositive results in Chads life. In conclusion, the author of this paper chose to write of Reality Therapy because he likes the approach the counselor takes with the client. He also favors the approach the client takes in accepting responsibility for his/her own actions. Possibly the what the author likes most about Reality Therapy is the fact that it encourages the client to not simply look to the counselor for answers to fix his/her problem; it encourages the client to work with the counselor to develop a plan to change what has brought him/her to counseling to begin with. Future of Crime Trends: White Collar Crimes Future of Crime Trends: White Collar Crimes It is hard to think about the future of crime trends because current conditions can change rapidly as some criminologist believe that crime rates may eventually rise as the number of teens in the population increases only some of criminologist believe this. I think the age structure of society is one of the most important determinants of crime rates but the economy, technological change and social factors will play an important role in crime rate in the UK. If unemployment continues to increase which will be and more attention will be paid to white collar crime and fraud as a result of the massive business failures in the banking, security and housing industries in recent years. The race and crime conundrum may become less important as crime and victimization. When the economy turns down people who are unemployed will become more motivated to commit theft crimes and that a good economy will reduce the number of crime. The good positive way is a poor economy actually will help lower crime rates because unemployed parents are at home to supervise their children and guard their possessions. Because there is less to spend I think age in crime will effect crime rate in future because teenagers have extremely high crime rates kids who commit a lot of crime early in childhood are also likely to continue to commit crime in their adulthood. CCTV does work and works best when it is used alongside wider strategy of partnership working between the police and councils and local communities to tackle crime in their neighbourhood area. When it comes to the crime prevention the CCTV is the most effective in reducing crime for example in car parks is most effective when targeted at vehicle crimes and it is more effective in reducing crime in the UK than in other countries. The CCTV can increase the public confidence and the public will likely to support Criminal Justice System for example in reporting crime and act as a witness. Also in recent terrorist investigations including 7/7 London bombing and 21/7 and the conviction of Steve Wright for Ipswich murder that CCTV has played a important role in detecting crime and protecting the public when needed. The new crime threat will be cybercrime if things go as they are. This would be any crime that involves an information system and includes ID theft. As technology advances people are going to be more brazen to commit cybercrimes from home Transnational crime organisation will continue to grow in diversity in many regions in the world. Developed countries like England and America will bore affected by TCSs than in the past During the early nineteenth century there was not any race and crime issue. This was not due to lack prejudice or indeed a lack of crime. It was because there were relatively few immigrants living in the UK. Black and lower class populations have the highest rates of street and index crime involvement in the UK. ( ) and Sociological theories argue that the location and experiences in the social environment are responsible for these differences in crime involvement ( ). In an early contribution to the sociology of knowledge DeGre (1995) observed that all science including those disciplines not involved in the study of human society are part of the tertiary institutions of a culture being influenced by the larger constellation of stresses and strains, cultural values, technological accomplishments and needs and overall definitions of life goals that characterize the social group society and world situation in which they are operative. No one comes into the world with criminality in the way in which one is born with a certain colour of eyes and crimes committed by immigrants are more frequently prosecuted than those committed by white people because immigrants are less likely to defend themselves legally and they are less often in a position to secure a good lawyer and they are more promptly sentenced to prison and in the court stages they are likely to plead guilty to drop their sentence to a lower level this is because they are come from a different culture different belief and different laws that they faced in their own countries and there always a language barrier Recent studies have found that black and mixed race 16 to 24 years olds have lower levels of trust in the police and the courts compared to older people. Young black peoples confidence in the criminal justice system is actually low. This emphasis on the police reflects greater contact with police in comparison to other Criminal Justice System agencies and subsequently people are more likely to hold some view about them and also black people have a higher relative risk of being stopped and searched than white people in England and Wales(Jack 1998) studies shown that the stop and searches of black people can be influenced by age for example where the black population in a area is younger than the white population and stop and search powers were predominately used on those people under the age of 25 and also the Stephen Lawrence inquiry report highlighted the problem of disproportionality and indicated the discrimination was a major problem and also this research has actually pointed to racial stereotyping by the police and black people are likely to get stop and search than white people. In Stephen Lawrence case was 18 black students were hoping to become an architect and was fatally stabbed while waiting for the bus that was a racial attack but police investigation failed to bring the killers into justice this had a big influence on black community. There is a media effect on race and ethnicity from TV news and from movies people are getting the wrong ideas on immigrants and religion. Media plays important role here in my opinion media shows the criminal act and report them to the public in a negative way rather than report them in a positive way. Because it is a personal interest of media personnel. One more importing thing as well as this if the media giving the news related to crime with fascination in this case the crime ratio of that specific crime will increase for example if in newspapers the news about terrorism is reported so frequently then in this situation the ratio of stop and search will increase according to the British Crime Survey BCS a number of stop and search has actually gone up after the 7/7 London bombing. It seems obvious that power inequality affects the quality of poples lives. The rich and poerfull live better than the poor and powerless. Power inequality affects the type of deviant activities likely to be engaged in. the powerful are more liley to perpetrate profitable crimes such as corporate crime while the powerless people are more likely to commit unprofitable crimes such as homicide and assault and power can also be an importance cause of deviance. For example more likely for bank executives to cheat customers quietly than for jobless persons to rob banks violently. Crime committed by respectable people of high social status in the course of their work and this is called white collar crime (Sutherland, 1961), white collar crime occurs at several levels. Embezzlement for example it is committed by employees against companies and companies also commit white collar crime too when they engage in pricing fixing, sell defective products, evade taxes pr pollute the environment. When companies are the perpetrators white collar crime is often referred to as corporate crime and sometimes corporate crime is more closely parallels organized crime than it does anythink else. For example accountants ,auditors, and executives working for Enron corporation worked together to hide the companys debts exaggerate its profits and pull in money from investors whom they tricked into buying their stock for much more than it was worth (Eichenwald, 2005) White collar crime brings heavy costs to society most scholars and law enforcement officials believe that the money loss due to corporate crime dwarfs that lost through street crime (Hegan) in addition to the economic cost there are social costs as well white collar crime can cost lives when tainted medicines or dangerous cars are sold , safety precautions are flouted on factory lines or toxic chemicals are dumped by manufacturers into rivers and streams the cost of white collar crime go beyond the actual money involved in the crime itself. The reaons for white collar crime are similar to those for street crimes. People want more than they can legitimately get think the benefits of a crime outrun it is potential costs (Shower Wright, 200) In these days the magnitude of white collar crime in our society challenges the popular image of crime as a lower class phenomenon. Instead this appears that people of different status simly haqve different opportunities to commit crime. Those people in lower status are hardly in the position to engage in price fixing, stock manipulation and tax evation.   White collar crimes are far less likely to be offcialy investigated and prosecuted than converntional crimes. In the simplest term what occurs in the streets is more visible and more easily inveatigated than what occurs in the suite. Its hard to detect and it realy can be hard to notice if crime has accurred e.g fraud, tax fraud and shop theft there are also few good reasond that why business in UK and other companies dont want to talk about white-collar crime its because the firms may not want to admit that they have been victim of theft and this can effect on their own business they may also not want to admit that their staff committed a crime. Since crimes were attempts to gain personal advantage by force or fraud they could obviously be committed by the rich and powerful they could certainly involve force or fraud and they could clearly be committed without punishment by the state. Some doctors commit murder and doctors sometimes cheat on medicare and lawyers have been known to misuse funs entrusted to them by their clients: business executives sometimes angage in bid rigging : labor union executives sometimes embezzle funds from pension plans and also manufacturers sometimes dispose of toxic chemicals in wyas contrary to law. Other criminal activities that are often missed by official and many sociological measurements of crime are those conducted by the powerful in society (Pearce, 1976) crimes of the powerful is largely those commited by rulling groups and governments, corporate crime is that crimes commited not so much by individuals but rather by boards for example chair persons and including the breaking of the Health and Safety Work Act and white collar crime that crimes committed by professional people such as tax evasion, business fraudand insider trading. White collar drimesis difficult to estimate the extent and influence of whitecollar crime on victims because all too often those who suffer the consequences of white collar crime are ignored by victimologists. Wide differences in cultural heritage and value system have a direct impact on rates of crime and it is obvious that there are many cultural differences between the America and Japan that doesnt mean that Japanese approaches to crime prevention cannot work in America. In Japan the societys emphasis on apologies and resolving disputes outside the police and the court this can effect on reporting crime and this leads to crime stay on low level in Japan. When we pick the robbery case is the most fearful street crime in America is much higher than Japan for example in 2002 America recorded 182 and for each robbery in Tokyo New York had 462. Robbery rates for England, Germany and France do not approach those in America but resident of those countries are still twenty to thirty times more likely to be held up than people living in Japan. Even when we think about South Korea have same similarity with geographically and culturally with Japans and closest neighbour and has robbery rates 6.5 times than Japan ( ) culture plays important role in to control crime and prevent crime. There is also a lack of confidence in America and people likely to act as witness and they likely to report crime. While some people can effectively cope with strain some certain people have traits that may make them particularly sensitive to strain. These include an explosive temperament being overly sensitive or emotional low tolerance for adversity and poor problem solving skills. Aggressive people who have these traits are likely to have poor interpersonal skills and more likely to be treated negatively by others and their combative personalities make them feared and disliked. These people are likely to live in families whose caretakers share similar personality traits. They are also more likely to reject conventional peers and join deviant groups. In summer 2004 a dramatic murder trial took place in New York City that aptly illustrates how lower class cultural concerns the code of the streets clash with the rules and values of American culture and how deviant cultures can exist side by side with middle class culture. According to Messner and Rosenfeld the relatively high U.S. crime rates can be explained by the interrelationship between culture and institutions. The dominance of the American Dream mythology ensures that many people will develop wishes and desires for material goods that cannot be satisfied by legitimate means that people are willing to do anything to get ahead from cheating on tests to get higher grades to engaging in corporate fraud and tax evasion and those people who cannot succeed become willing to risk everything including a prison sentence. American dream have a different effect on people depending on their place in the social structure. The studies shows that the American dream had a greater effect on whites than African Americans the reason is that whites may have greater expectations of material success than African Americans whose aspirations have been tempered by a long history of racial and economic deprivation. When whites experience strain they are more apt to react with anger and antisocial behaviour. At the institutional level the dominance of economic concerns weakens the informal social control exerted by the family, church and school. In my opinion these institutions have lost their ability to regulate behaviour and they have instead become a conduit for promoting material success. Parents pushing their kids to succeed at any cost and schools encourage the kids to get in to the best colleges by any means possible as well as religious institutions promote their wealth and power because religion lets you down all the time when you are keen on it too much.